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Archivo: Abril 2008
Meneame
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J.LEAGUE -The Official Site-
◊◊Backnumber◊◊ » TOP [ 2008 ] ------April------ » J. League Division 1 #7 (19-20 Apr 2008) » J. League Division 1 #6 (12-13 Apr 2008) » J. League Division 1 #5 (5-6 Apr 2008) ------March------ » J. League Division 1 #3 (30 Mar 2008) » J. League Yamazaki Nabisco Cup #2 (23 Mar 2008) » J. League Division 1 #2 (15-16 Mar 2008) » J. League Division 1 #1 (8-9 Mar 2008) » XEROX SUPER CUP (1 Mar 2008)
J. League Division 1 #7 (19-20 Apr 2008)
April 20, 2008: Nagoya Grampus won their sixth straight match in J1 on Saturday to extend their lead to three points at the top of the table.
- J1 : 7th Sec
J2 : 8th Sec
[20 Apr 2008] - J1 : 6th Sec
J2 : 7th Sec
[13 Apr 2008] - J1 : 5th Sec
J2 : 6th Sec
[5 Apr 2008] - J1 : 4th Sec
[2 Apr 2008] - J1 : 3rd Sec
J2 : 5th Sec
[30 Mar 2008] - J2 : 4th Sec
[23 Mar 2008] - J2 : 3rd Sec
[20 Mar 2008] - J1 : 2nd Sec
J2 : 2nd Sec
[16 Mar 2008] - J1 : 1st Sec
J2 : 1st Sec
[8 Mar 2008]
- Schedule (Monthly)
- Schedule (Monthly) ==========FebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
- J. LEAGUE Division 1
- Schedule
- Attendance
- -Result-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.7th Sec.8th Sec.9th Sec.10th Sec.11th Sec.12th Sec.13th Sec.14th Sec.15th Sec.16th Sec.17th Sec.18th Sec.19th Sec.20th Sec.21st Sec.22nd Sec.23rd Sec.24th Sec.25th Sec.26th Sec.27th Sec.28th Sec.29th Sec.30th Sec.31st Sec.32nd Sec.33rd Sec.34th Sec.
- -League Table-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.7th Sec.8th Sec.9th Sec.10th Sec.11th Sec.12th Sec.13th Sec.14th Sec.15th Sec.16th Sec.17th Sec.18th Sec.19th Sec.20th Sec.21st Sec.22nd Sec.23rd Sec.24th Sec.25th Sec.26th Sec.27th Sec.28th Sec.29th Sec.30th Sec.31st Sec.32nd Sec.33rd Sec.34th Sec.
- -Scorers-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.7th Sec.8th Sec.9th Sec.10th Sec.11th Sec.12th Sec.13th Sec.14th Sec.15th Sec.16th Sec.17th Sec.18th Sec.19th Sec.20th Sec.21st Sec.22nd Sec.23rd Sec.24th Sec.25th Sec.26th Sec.27th Sec.28th Sec.29th Sec.30th Sec.31st Sec.32nd Sec.33rd Sec.34th Sec.
- J. LEAGUE Division 2
- Schedule
- Attendance
- -Result-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.7th Sec.8th Sec.9th Sec.10th Sec.11th Sec.12th Sec.13th Sec.14th Sec.15th Sec.16th Sec.17th Sec.18th Sec.19th Sec.20th Sec.21st Sec.22nd Sec.23rd Sec.24th Sec.25th Sec.26th Sec.27th Sec.28th Sec.29th Sec.30th Sec.31st Sec.32nd Sec.33rd Sec.34th Sec.35th Sec.36th Sec.37th Sec.38th Sec.39th Sec.40th Sec.41st Sec.42nd Sec.43rd Sec.44th Sec.45th Sec.
- -League Table-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.7th Sec.8th Sec.9th Sec.10th Sec.11th Sec.12th Sec.13th Sec.14th Sec.15th Sec.16th Sec.17th Sec.18th Sec.19th Sec.20th Sec.21st Sec.22nd Sec.23rd Sec.24th Sec.25th Sec.26th Sec.27th Sec.28th Sec.29th Sec.30th Sec.31st Sec.32nd Sec.33rd Sec.34th Sec.35th Sec.36th Sec.37th Sec.38th Sec.39th Sec.40th Sec.41st Sec.42nd Sec.43rd Sec.44th Sec.45th Sec.
- -Scorers-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.7th Sec.8th Sec.9th Sec.10th Sec.11th Sec.12th Sec.13th Sec.14th Sec.15th Sec.16th Sec.17th Sec.18th Sec.19th Sec.20th Sec.21st Sec.22nd Sec.23rd Sec.24th Sec.25th Sec.26th Sec.27th Sec.28th Sec.29th Sec.30th Sec.31st Sec.32nd Sec.33rd Sec.34th Sec.35th Sec.36th Sec.37th Sec.38th Sec.39th Sec.40th Sec.41st Sec.42nd Sec.43rd Sec.44th Sec.45th Sec.
- J. League
Yamazaki Nabisco Cup - Schedule
- Attendance
- -League Table-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec6th Sec.
- -Result-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.QF 1st legQF 2nd legSF 1st legSF 2nd legFinal
- Final tournament
- -Scorers-==========Up to date==========1st Sec.2nd Sec.3rd Sec.4th Sec.5th Sec.6th Sec.QF 1st legQF 2nd legSF 1st legSF 2nd legFinal
- J.Satellite League
- -Schedule-==========Group.AGroup.BGroup.CGroup.DGroup.EGroup.F
- 2008 J1/J2 Play Off
- Schedule
- -Result-==========Up to date==========1st Leg.2nd Leg.
FC Tokio
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an englishman in osaka.
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helpful feet
Tuesday, April 15, 2008
The people of Osaka will no longer have to worry about accidentally strolling into the path of an oncoming truck now that local government officials have come up with the ingenious idea of painting feet onto the streets to show pedestrians exactly where to stop.
Instructions for use:
1. Approach painted feet at a steady but sensible speed.
2. Slow down just as you reach painted feet.
3. Carefully place your feet on painted feet.
4. Look left. Look right. Listen.
5. If clear, proceed in an orderly manner.
A pair of painted feet in the middle of the road. Not much good if a lorry is approaching from behind.
The streets of Osaka are now safer thanks to these helpful feet.
JC in Japan
Saturday, April 12, 2008
Bored of Buddhism?
Shying away from Shintoism?
Well fear God not because there's a new kid on the block - and his initials are JC.
Take a stroll down your street and He'll soon give you a sign - a sign in the form of a cross - a cross standing tall and proud, taller and prouder than the omnipresent TV aerials which compete daily for heavenly space.
And don't forget - JC's signal is the strongest in town - and he's broadcasting to you on a wavelength different to that of NHK.
JC's churches in Japan all feature their very own non-authentic stained glass windows, placed religiously behind regular wire-mesh windows to give you the best possible ethereal experience.
JC's doors are always open, come breakfast, lunch or dinner.
And if you're worried about the culinary side of Christianity in Japan, then hold it right there - it's not all holy bread and red wine. Attend a sermon here and you'll be happily served a starter of seared serendipity, a main of marinated miracle and a dessert of delicately roasted religious doctrine (a side dish of sanctification is optional).
So don't delay. Meet JC today. He's waiting for your prayer.
sakura shambles
Saturday, April 05, 2008
Formula:
spring + Japan = cherry blossom celebrations
spring + Japan = cherry blossom celebrations
In Japan, the appearance of the pretty pink petals means that public parks up and down the archipelago will be packed with party people partying till they go positively potty. Except in Osaka.
This year, it's all gone a bit wrong.
When the authorities planted the seeds for the blossoms a few months back, little did they know that a mix-up of astronomical proportions had been made.
It was only when the buds bloomed last week that they realised they'd planted the wrong seeds. So this year there are no pink blossoms in Osaka. Only yellow ones.
For the first time since hanami (blossom viewing) was invented 22 years ago, the people of Osaka are faced with having to postpone their parties.
Last Tuesday, on the official day of blooming, people awoke expecting to see their city awash in a beautiful sea of pink. Instead they were faced with this....
Sadly, they're nowhere near being anything like pink.
Pretty, but the wrong colour.
Farmers across the city are hurriedly planting new seeds in the hope that little pink cherry blossoms will bloom later this month, but inside their heads they know it's too late.
A farmer on a miniature tractor works in vain for the people of Osaka.
Some cherry blossom plants are just beginning to show, but they won't be ready until at least December....
At the same time last year, this park was filled with people drinking lots of beer and sake while enjoying the cherry blossoms and lots of beer and sake....
....but now it stands empty because everything has turned yellow.
Some people have taken to partying under pink potted plants, but it's just not the same....
A potted plant is clearly no substitute for the real thing.
Is THIS the man responsible for the shambles?
Probably not.
A friendly person.
loot-saving fruit
Sunday, March 30, 2008
Anyone who has had the pleasure of visiting a supermarket in Japan will be well aware that the cost of fruit can sometimes be a bit on the expensive side.
A recent trip to my local food-selling establishment had this shiny selection on sale for 5,000 yen (about 25 British quids), each piece of fruit with its own protective padding to stop it getting damaged should it be necessary to use it as an offensive weapon.
For some people, the prohibitive cost of fruit here means forgoing its healthy benefits.
However, if you're prepared to look around a bit, you can find some real bargains. Like this rather inviting selection of oranges I stumbled upon recently, which turned out to make a really tasty fruit salad - once I'd picked out the grit of course....
Free fruit. Spoon and bowl included.
the city that never was
Sunday, March 23, 2008
They built a city.
But no one came.
Jump on a train heading east out of Osaka and in just over 30 minutes you'll come to Otsu, a city built 20 years ago at the southern end of Lake Biwa.
But when they finished building it, no one went to live there.
So now it stands deserted, inhabited only by the cold winds that blow in from Lake Biwa. Like a great sports stadium, Otsu has a capacity of 100,000 - but an attendance of zero.
Taxi drivers outside the station ponder what has become known as The Great Otsu Planning Fiasco.....
Trains stop at Otsu Station, but no one gets off....
or on....
It's a city of deserted streets....
....a city of unattended lemons....
Inset: lemons
.....a city of unimaginatively named buildings....
....of playgrounds not full of children....
....a place where electronics retail giant Yodobashi Camera opened a smaller-than-usual store to adequately cope with the lack of customers....
....a city with evidence of alien visitations. These mysterious Quorn Circles are of particular interest to scientists.
An Otsu noticeboard lists upcoming events that will be attended by no one.
Here's a photo of the annual Otsu Festival of Light in full swing....
An Otsu bus timetable clearly shows that if you arrive at this bus stop at 7.57, you're going to be in for a bit of a wait....
.....as for Sundays, best bring a sleeping bag and a good book....
In a country well known for its crowded urban areas, Otsu may come as a pleasant surprise. It may also leave you feeling a tad spooked.
spot the differentiations
Saturday, March 15, 2008
At this time of year, there's no better way to spend a lazy Sunday afternoon than poring over an interesting spot the difference puzzle or two.
So here's one I've created for people of a similar disposition.
Simply print off the two almost identical pictures - one of an American school bus, the other of a Japanese school bus.
Then, using your powers of observation, circle the 748 differences (625 if using a non-colour printer).
Good luck!
An American school bus.
A Japanese school bus - fun for children on the outside.
cometh the hour, cometh the sand
Saturday, March 08, 2008
Last Monday, most people living in Japan woke up covered in a light dusting of sand.
After picking grains of it out of their muesli, they would've gone outside to see their car covered in the brown stuff.
Having got to work and brushed their desk down, they might've had a conversation with a colleague that went something like this:
A-san: Did you see the sand?
B-san: Yes.
A-san: Lunch is soon.
It got everywhere - in people's hair, in their eyes, it even got into some people's brains.
The foul-smelling finger of blame is being pointed at China, already in Japan's bad books following their alleged foray into the unprofitable market of poisoned dumplings.
It seems that the sand may have blown in from the Gobi desert, a claim backed up by this recent photo of the desert which clearly shows that all the sand has been blown away, leaving only the concrete beneath....
Prime Minister Fukuda talks tough....
Mr Fukuda continues to mystify political commentators who can't for the life of them work out why he needs to lick ice creams while making speeches.
osaka subway PET bottle mystery
Sunday, March 02, 2008
I often get emails asking whether any new lines have opened recently on Osaka's subway system. The answer to the question is "yes", though the line isn't that new because it didn't open recently.
The newest line on the system is the Imazatosuji Line, which opened in December, 2006. Judging by the spotless nature of the trains and stations, one could easily be led to believe it opened yesterday. But it didn't.
This man alone is responsible for the stunningly good condition of the line's entire fleet of trains and all 11 stations....
The Imazatosuji Line is the first to have barriers installed on the platforms to prevent depressed salarymen falling forward onto the track just as a train arrives at high speed....
The very latest computer technology has been utilised to ensure the perfect alignment of the barriers with the train doors, allowing for the effortless movement of passengers from carriage to platform and vice versa and then vice versa again if necessary....
New carriages, new seats and new passengers....
Architects who are also good at art were called in to design the stations....
However, in recent months there's been a significant increase in chatter in Osaka-based internet chatrooms due to the mysterious appearance of used PET bottles cut in half and stuck upside down on the ceilings of some stations along the line....
Is this art? Or is it just half an upside-down PET bottle taped to the ceiling?
Or possibly something altogether more sinister....
trendy bendy
Sunday, February 24, 2008
Like most people, I often wake up in the middle of the night thinking about what kind of corporate exhibition I might like to put on in a large convention centre.
Deep down, I know that whether it's an exhibition showing off the virtues of sushi, or an event selling a variety of miniature shrines, or even a get together of people marketing gently scented tatami mats, I'll need people in costumes to give demonstrations, or to just lie on the product in a sexy way.
So imagine my delight when I happened upon the aptly named Bendy, a catalogue full of lovely ladies (and one man) dressed in a variety of sensible clothing.
Bendy is your number one stop for all your exhibition needs.
Could this woman sell YOUR product?
The catalogue consists of 39 lady pages. Page 40 shows a man in a number of blazers with a perfectly poised fist and smile....
member treatment
Sunday, February 17, 2008
It's been a long time coming, but beauty clinics have finally begun to branch out into areas they had hitherto dared not go.
That's right, the male member has now entered the mushrooming market of beauty care. So guys, if your schlong has lost its sheen, if your equipment needs exfoliating, or if you simply want some cream rubbed into it, then this new clinic is the place for you.
A range of treatments are available.
A beauty clinic to make your nob look beautiful again.
And after it's been given the once over, or even the twice over, you'll be able to enter this establishment bulging with confidence and with a twinkle in your eye....
choco messaging
Saturday, February 09, 2008
So once again, Valentine's Day is almost upon us.
As most people know, in Japan it's a one way street, with the women buying choco for the men. Exactly one month later, on White Day, the men buy cookies for the women, and exactly one month after that, on Happy Day, the choco and cookie companies count their massive profits.
But first up it's Valentine's Day. Supermarkets and convenience stores are currently packed to the rafters with choco of every shape, size, taste and price.
The names of the choco can be interesting too. Should any woman want to leave the man of her dreams in no doubt as to her desired intentions, she can message him through the choco..........
For example, she might very well have the
....in which case she'll probably be wanting some hanky
....and almost certainly a
....you never know, she might even want her
Boobs Fondled - a ridiculous name for a bar of choco
a culinary cull?
Saturday, February 02, 2008
Japanese fishermen appear to be having a whale of a time down in Antarctica as they resume their hunt for the mammoth mammals, specifically for scientific research - and possibly a sandwich or two.
Greenpeace's ship has now returned to base having spent several weeks doing its best to disrupt the expedition.
The Japanese fleet plans to kill about 900 minke whales and 50 fin whales by mid-April for what it says is a scientific research programme.
Back in Japan, the laboratory awaits....
The test tubes are under the fancy napkins.
And the scientists are also looking forward to getting down to work....
A Japanese chef scientist adds the final touches chemical in a bid to see whether whale blubber can be used in desserts plasma television screens.
According to this website, the Japanese government claim to have "...scientific proof that commercial whaling of certain species would not have a negative effect on the species as a whole."
But try telling that to the whales....
The ongoing research is designed to determine things such as population numbers.
But there is growing evidence that the whales are staging a fightback....
Some people believe that soon after the expedition returns from the Antarctic in April, the whales will quickly find themselves back between the burger buns.
Whale burgers - too cute to eat?
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posts
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- osaka subway PET bottle mystery
- trendy bendy
- member treatment
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http://www.nihon.blogspot.com/
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Blogs I read:
aliental
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an Englishman...
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Vote For Me via Blog Mad...
Wednesday, February 21, 2007
I'm moving my blogs to my webspace, at phiine.com
Please update your bookmark for this blog to http://www.phiine.com/blogs/nihon
Phil 4:34 AM 0 Comments
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Wednesday, August 23, 2006
[There's a Hong Kong blog now! I'm about 2 weeks behind with it, but working hard to catch up
And don't forget the pictures on Flickr too.]
Phil 10:59 PM 0 Comments
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Friday, August 04, 2006
The 7 hours at the hotel passed quickly, as expected! But it was a comfortable night anyway, and we left the next morning in good spirits. The organisation at the hotel was really good, and we got bussed back to the airport efficiently. As we were pulling out of the hotel car park we ironically saw a famous symbol of Japan for the first time ever - the rising sun, exactly as you'd imagine it: an oversized glowing fiery red disc appearing in the hazy distance behind some small pines.
The flight got underway on time, and we were treated to some great views of Japan all the way from Tokyo down to Kyushu, before the clouds won out. This included the most spectacular view ever of another great Japanese symbol, Mount Fuji, standing magnificently alone on the vast Kanto plain, surrounded by wispy white clouds. We flew almost directly over it and could see it's brown bare flanks and the dreadful crater. Goodbye Japan; we will certainly never forget you!
Phil 9:48 PM 0 Comments
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When I said "Later" I didn't mean it to be quite so long - sorry! So, what did we do...I'll give you a brief summary in this post (which I've back dated just for tidiness). The first night in Tokyo we went down to Ginza and had a look around a bit for old times sake. We ended up eating and drinking at the Lion beer hall, which was somewhere we'd always wanted to go. Things are a bit overpriced there, but it's still worth it for the atmosphere and the decor.The next day was quite warm and humid, a great day to hear the familiar shrill sound of the cicadas. There seemed to be hundreds of them in the trees of the shrine dedicated to Confucius, near Ochanomizu, where we went first.
For lunch we went to a very old soba shop, Yabu Soba in Kanda (virtually behind the Green Hotel of Colin-and-Phil-in-Tokyo fame!) which is apparently almost legendary. It's a beautiful place, still in the same family after 6 generations. The husband and wife behind the counter make a very interesting team, with their chaotic but very efficient system of keeping track of orders, which the wife literally sings out to the kitchen staff. The soba was excellent by the way!
After that we went down to Tokyo station and looked around the Marunouchi building, and then eventually made it across to Harajuku and Omotesando. We had a crepe and went in some shops, including ones in the newish Omotesando Hills shopping centre. It's actually quite cool I suppose, with the interior based around a gradually ascending spiral hill. But there didn't seem to be many very good shops, to just...buy stuff in. And I still prefer the old apartments that were rather callously pulled down. It's good to see they left one of them standing at least.
That night we went to one of the small yakitori shops almost under the railway tracks at Yurakucho - somewhere else we'd never got around to going back in 2002-3. That was a great experience, very atmospheric, with, of course,plenty of delicious food - a good memory of Japan to take away.The next day didn't provide so many good memories. We took a taxi the couple of minutes to TCAT, and then a bus out to Narita (perhaps the most awkward to access major city airport in the world? Bar Gatwick maybe). So far so good. Check-in early, have a final set lunch, get to the gate with plenty of time to spare for boarding at 3:20pm...only to wait beyond the boarding time...and wait...and wait some more. Soon, the dreaded recursive announcements along the lines of "we'll make another announcement in 15 minutes" began, and so did the familiar sinking feeling. Eventually it was: "Flights to Hong Kong are all suspended at the moment due to bad weather [a typhoon] so your flight maybe cancelled; we're making arrangments for a hotel and transport if this should happen". It seemed we wouldn't escape Japan so easily!
The flight was confirmed cancelled just before 5, but it took until well after 9 to get to the hotel. That interlude contained a lot of very badly organised parts which I can't really go into too much here (but briefly, because I just can't resist it: sorting people out to go back through immigration by (after the Japanese customers had lined up separately, first, ahem, going one-by-one through a vast stack of exit-cards reading out names; assigning people to hotels without writing down names, and then much later on having a complete free-for-all and re-assigning people who could fight through the scrum with their boarding pass; announcements of departing shuttle buses made not using the PA system but by a diminuative ANA representative in a tiny voice to a hall full of hundreds of people...)We were assigned to "the Hilton". However, the sinking
feeling came back when our bus sailed past the Narita Airport Hilton and onto the expressway for Tokyo. Rumours flew around the bus - we were being taken to the Tokyo Hilton in Shinjuku, the opposite side of the sprawling metropolis; it would take another hour and a half to get there, and none of us had eaten, drank or even had a chance to use the toilet for hours. There was a glimmer of hope as someone managed to produce a bag of mixed nuts which were duly passed around. Time ticked by, and it really did look like Shinjuku for a while, but then the bus cut off at the Disneyland exit and we eventually arrived at the Tokyo Bay Hilton, where a huge (by any country's standards) room with a harbour view, tickets for a pretty decent dinner buffet and a free international call awaited us. Shame we could only enjoy the hotel for 7 hours, before our 5am bus back to the rescheduled flight departed...
Phil 4:03 AM 1 Comments
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Thursday, August 03, 2006
And we are here in Hong Kong now, as of yesterday...I'll have to write a longer entry later to explain all that happened!
Phil 11:41 PM 0 Comments
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Tuesday, August 01, 2006
Hi - we're here in Tokyo - ah the big city! Got here no problem, and as a bonus we got to ride on one of the ANA Pikachu planes again, upstairs again (just like old times Colin, except the stewardesses weren't so crazy!). We managed to lug our lead cases to the Hotel Kitcho - I literally almost didn't make it up the many many flights of stairs at Ningyocho station. Out to find some food soon.
(PS - thanks for the well wishing emails everyone!)
Phil 3:03 AM 6 Comments
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Sunday, July 30, 2006
Hi again...well we're sitting in a very minimal apartment at the moment, having got rid of virtually all our worldy possessions this morning. Our boxes went off OK on Saturday too - the postman brought portable scales, tape measure, price calculation booklets...why do they need an actual post office really?
So now we just wait for our net-ordered pizza to arrive and then we have the rest of the day to get the place clean and finish packing our suitcases. Only 4 more hours of internet access left today, so I think this will be my last ever post from Hokkaido. Goodbye to the Snow Country!
Phil 8:19 PM 1 Comments
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Friday, July 28, 2006
The 3rd and final fireworks tonight were again very impressive. The weather has been really nice for each one which is great. Some good final memories to take out of Japan.
I taught my last ever lesson this morning. Quite an auspicious occasion I suppose, although as is often the case I didn't really feel the reality of it at the time.
We also got rid of a few more items today (thanks Miwa!) so the place is thinning out.
We've literally just finished sealing up our boxes which will be sent off on a slow boat to China tomorrow afternoon. I called and found out that the post office will pick them up for us too, so I don't have to worry about lugging four 20 kilo boxes through the streets, or better still the look on the taxi driver's face as I throw them into his back seat...! I'm wondering what they'll do when they come - do they have a portable scales to weigh them and calculate the cost? Or can they do it by feel alone? Let's see..!
Phil 7:45 AM 0 Comments
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Wednesday, July 26, 2006
As you might know, we're saying goodbye to Japan very soon...in exactly a week in fact. So we've been very very busy doing all the pre-saying goodbye kind of things that one needs to do...cleaning up, throwing away, advertising and selling, going out for goodbye lunches and parties...as well as finishing off a little work and paying final bills...the list goes on so I won't bore you with too many details!
There'll be a blackout without internet access for about 24 hours from next Monday: I'm not quite sure how I'll cope! Then next Tuesday we're off to Tokyo for a couple of nights where I'll be able to check emails and post again.
Blogwise, I think I'll just keep this blog sitting here for a while as a reminder of how things were. I might back it up to a different URL too. And then, it's "what do you see (Hong Kong)?" (working title of course). Funnily enough Tokyo Girl is also making the great transition out of Japan at about the same time as us.
Phil 10:32 PM 0 Comments
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Friday, July 21, 2006
A post about other blogs today - I wanted to draw attention to a few of the sites in my right-column:
I've been reading the newish blog on the BBC, called The Editors recently - sounds a bit dull maybe, but it actually gives an interesting and surprisingly transparent insight into how the BBC runs, including a recent post titled Different Views about how BBC News 24 and BBC World take quite different angles on the same story.
Another post discussed how blogging influences other more traditional media these days and how the BBC "can now know what you [the audience] are talking about and interested in without you ever telling us..." (see Daniel Pearl's "We're watching you"). So I'm going to test it. This is basically a post about the BBC's post about reading other people's posts, so let's hope they find it...Dave is going strong on his blog (recently retitled to "Crater-strewn Dirt Track to Damascus") and doing a great job of gathering together relevant articles about the whole Israel / Lebanon / Syria / Iran... situation in that part of the Middle East as well as providing an excellent picture of how it's affecting every day life (see his July 19th post for that).
And my oldest friend Charles has got a blog and a web-presence at last! He's working on a ferry between Hull and Zeebrugge for a few weeks and has some good stories over at Maritime Musician.
It all makes my stories of abandoned gorillas, weather and moving sales seem a bit bland. Oh well, I do the best I can.
Phil 10:36 PM 1 Comments
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Friday, July 14, 2006
This is a very sad post to write. It tells poignantly of the state of affairs in this modern world we live in; a world of disposability and instant gratification.
In the picture below, there's a small dark object, barely visible, dwarfed by the neighbouring "mansion" block and left out with the rubbish:
What could it be? The truth is somehow close to heartbreaking...
As I write this, it's starting to rain; huge ominous summer-storm drops inexorably darkening the pavements. The thought of that poor unwanted gorilla, turning soggy, left perhaps to moulder for days, is almost too much to bear.
Phil 11:18 PM 2 Comments
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Thursday, July 13, 2006
Heat! Warmth! Yesterday the weather finally got its act together, and it reached 29C here in Sapporo (warmest so far this year). And it's surprisingly humid too, for Hokkaido. I'm not complaining (for once, I hear you all yelling)! Unfortunately the weather forecast is suggesting that from here on the weather will "collapse"...as long as it holds out for the first of the 3 big Sapporo Toyohira River fireworks displays, which happens tonight. It's almost 2 years since I last properly saw the displays. Last year I missed all but the last few minutes of all of them (work, pah).Anyway, it's quite hard to write such mundane things when such un-mundane and ridiculous things are going on in the Middle East. Dave, I'm thinking of you over there.
Phil 5:11 PM 1 Comments
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Monday, July 10, 2006
FOR SALE!!
This probably won't be much use to most readers, but if anyone is in the Sapporo area (or knows someone who might be interested!), please check out what we have for sale at: http://www.phiine.com/forsale.
Thanks!!
Phil 11:36 PM 0 Comments
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Friday, July 07, 2006
Today, being 7th July, is one of the dates of tanabata - a Japanese star festival, derived from a Chinese one. There are many nice old traditions that are practiced all over the country, including decorating bamboo which is often then floated on a river or burned, dressing up in yukata, making paper cranes...
Here, and in some other cities such as Sendai, they celebrate it on August 8th (which is the 7th of the 7th month on the old lunar calendar). So today is nothing at all here actually. Just thought I'd tell you anyway!
Phil 7:16 AM 1 Comments
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Wednesday, July 05, 2006
So, quite disconcerting really. As I'm sure you all know, this morning a crazed leader launched a rocket.And North Korea launched a few too!!! Harharhar! Boom boom! ! (that's "boom! boom!" as in Basil Brush's catchphrase)
Ahem. No seriously though, obviously the NK thing is a bit dodgy and hopefully will get sorted out soon, in a diplomatic way. Even at times such as this though the potential for a joke like that is just too great to resist. Too much time on my hands? I'm sure. Should take these things more seriously? Undoubtedly.
Sorry.
Phil 5:05 AM 4 Comments
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Japones para Hispanohablantes
| Antes que nada | Un poco de gramática | Pronunciación | Saludos y expresiones útiles | Enlaces, agradecimientos y otras yerbas | JAPhispa en la prensa |
| LECCIONES | APÉNDICES |
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| 1. Mucho gusto 2. ¿Cuánto es? 3. La casa de Prudencio 4. ¿Qué hora es? 5. Telefoneando a Midori 6. ¿Te gusta el café? 7. Un fin de semana 8. Dando y recibiendo 9. En el aeropuerto |
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| VOCABULARIO |
Estas páginas fueron perpetradas por Eduardo López Herrero, eduardo@gol.com
Se ven bien con Explorer, pero mejor con Netscape.
"Gorinkai"
Si practicas artes marciales de origen japonés, seguro que sabes unas cuantas palabras y frases. Pero no es cuestión de repetir como un loro las frases rituales. ¿Quién dijo que el Japonés es difícil? (Bueno, quien fuese, tenía razón. ¡Pero no vas a dejar que esa minucia te detenga! ¿no?).
Este més:
6 - Gramática: Verbos (segunda parte): verbos en -ru.
Pronunciación y escritura Kana: algunos matices.
Tabla de carácteres del alfabeto Katakana.
Procesadores de texto para japonés.
Lecciones anteriores:
1 - Pronunciación. Tipos de escritura. Tabla de carácteres Hiragana.
Actualizada el 25-10-98: ampliación de la tabla Hiragana
En atención a las peticiones recibidas, incluyo unos enlaces donde se pueden conseguir procesadores de texto para japonés. Ambos usan el inglés como idioma base, no conozco ninguno en español.
- NJstar. Procesadores de texto para Japonés y Chino. Shareware. Win95.
- JWP. Procesador de texto para Japonés. Freeware. Win 3.11 y Win95.
Nota: Estos enlaces son externos y no tienen nada que ver con la web Gorinkai. Los incluyo a petición de los visitantes, pero no soy responsable de su contenido y/o funcionamiento. En cualquier caso, si descubrís que no funcionan o que ha cambiado su URL, os agradeceré que me aviseis por mail para actualizar o corregir estos enlaces. Asi mismo, si conoceis alguno más, me lo podeis enviar para añadirlo a la lista.
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Envía aquí tus opiniones, preguntas, y/o colaboraciones. Todo es bienvenido. |
Eres el visitante: desde el 9/10/97 |
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"Gorinkai" © 1998 Antonio Rivas Gonzálvez
document.write("Ultima modificación del documento: " + document.lastModified) Ultima modificación del documento: 08/20/2004 10:45:28
Bienvenido(s) al Wikilibro de japonés
e Wikilibros, la colección de libros de texto de contenido libre.
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Se ha pasado de separar las subpáginas con el sistema _/_ al sistema sin espacios para favorecer la compatibilidad de todas las posibilidades ofrecidas por MediaWiki. Aunque se considera arreglado, es posible que todavía queden vestigios. Cualquier error comunícalo en Wikilibros:Tareas pendientes. |
http://nihonfuuweb.metropoliglobal.com/japones/
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ORIGEN DEL JAPONÉS |
 El origen del Japonés es desconocido, aunque algunos filólogos creen que tuvo un antepasado común con ciertas lenguas asiáticas como el coreano y el mongol. Antes de que existiera una escritura en Japón, el idioma Japonés estuvo ya plenamente desarrollado.
Un idioma refleja inherentemente la sociedad de su pueblo. Este hecho es evidente en Japón. Su lengua está dotada con atributos muy pronunciados respecto a cortesía, estatus social y etiqueta representados a través de variantes de verbos según clase social. Esta diferenciación se deriva del pasado feudal de Japón, durante el cual la correcta utilización del lenguaje representaba un rígido código social. Las características más notables de este idioma son la utilización de tres clases de escritura, formas honoríficas de verbos, diferenciación del lenguaje según sexos, palabras prestadas de idiomas extranjeros etc. El japonés es simple en la expresión de ideas básicas, sin embargo, complicado en la expresión de los sentimientos con respecto a las ideas. Es muy regular en sus formas gramaticales con escasas excepciones y rico en expresiones idiomáticas. La sintaxis puede ser muy compleja. Sigue el modelo "sujeto-objeto-verbo". Aunque la posición del sujeto y objeto de una frase puede variar, el verbo principal se coloca siempre al final. El Japonés prescinde de género y número en los nombres, pronombres y adjetivos. La conjugación es sencilla. Una de las dificultades es la gran variedad de vocablos para expresar una misma cosa. Asimismo, los japoneses desarrollaron lenguajes distintos para hombres y mujeres. Existen ciertas palabras reservadas a cada uno de los sexos.
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HISTORIA DE LA ESCRITURA |
Durante el siglo III d.C., la China de la Dinastía Han (Kan) ejerció una fuerte influencia cultural sobre Japón. Fueron introducidas las ciencias y la literatura chinas. Debido a la falta de un idioma escrito, los japoneses adoptaron los caracteres chinos (Kanji), a pesar de que no existiera ninguna similitud entre las dos lenguas. Este proceso de adopción fue posible debido a que el Chino no se basa en un alfabeto como los idiomas occidentales. Se trata de una escritura iconográfica donde los caracteres representan ideas mediante símbolos gráficos específicos o dibujos. Aunque cada uno de los dos idiomas tenga una palabra propia para un objeto/idea, las diferencias en la pronunciación no alteran su representación gráfica ni su significado inherente. Durante muchos siglos, los documentos oficiales japoneses, así como una gran parte de la literatura japonesa, fueron escritos exclusivamente en chino clásico . A partir de la época Heian (siglo VIII d.C.), se desarrollaron dos silabarios que simplificaban los ideogramas chinos: Hiragana y Katakana. Durante mucho tiempo, el Katakana fue usado únicamente por sacerdotes budistas, mientras que el Hiragana lo utilizaron las mujeres y por los hombres en sus escritos privados. Los libros más antiguos de la literatura japonesa datan del siglo VIII (escritos en caracteres chinos): Kojiki Crónica de los Sucesos Antiguos 712 d.C La escritura actual japonesa utiliza una mezcla de Kanji, Hiragana y Katagana.
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LECCIONES |
Antes de comenzar con las lecciones, es necesario entender algunos conceptos de esta lengua por esto te recomiendo que antes seguir adelante leas los vínculos que aparecen a continuación. [Pronunciación del Japonés] [Escritura Japonesa] [Silabario del KANA] [Caracteres del KANJI] HIRAGANA Lección 1: Primer Grupo: "A" Gyo (Las Vocales) KATAKANA Lección 21: Choo-on |
Configurar el Navegador para visualizar caracteres japoneses
Configurar el Navegador para visualizar caracteres japoneses
Esta página usa caracteres japoneses que sólo pueden ser visualizados usando un navegador con las extensiones de lengua japonesa. Esta página recomienda el uso de Netscape 6 (LINUX) o Internet Explorer 5.5 (Microsoft Windows). En siguientes páginas encontrará completa información de como conseguir estas extensiones de lengua japonesa en caso de no poseerlas. Las páginas que usan caracteres japoneses configuran automáticamente el navegador (los navegadores tienen una opción que autoselecciona el idioma de la página). Si esta opción no está seleccionada y las páginas que usan caracteres japoneses no se visualizan correctamente (aparecen símbolos sin sentido en las páginas), necesitará ajustar la codificación de la página manualmente. La codificación de los caracteres japoneses de esta página es JAPONÉS (Shift-JIS). Dentro del Internet Explorer esta operación se realiza en los menús VER - CODIFICACIÓN - Más - Japonés (Shift-JIS) y en la versión inglesa del Netscape 6 en VIEW - CHARACTER CODING - Multibyte - Japonés (Shift-JIS). Pulse sobre el siguiente enlace para una explicación más detallada de este proceso. Explicación detallada de como visualizar caracteres japoneses en nuestros navegadores
Kanji
Kanji
(Redirigido desde Ateji)
Kanji
Los kanji (漢字 kanji?, literalmente «carácter Han») son los caracteres chinos utilizados en la escritura de la lengua japonesa
Dentro del proceso de consolidación del lenguaje japonés, a la par de un desarrollo de alfabeto silábico, se adoptó el sistema ideográfico chino para expresar la lengua. El uso de los kanji es una de las tres principales formas de escritura japonesa, los otros dos son hiragana y katakana, agrupados como kana.
Los kanji son utilizados para expresar sólo conceptos, a diferencia de su uso en el chino, donde pueden ser también utilizados en su carácter fonético.[cita requerida] A un kanji corresponde un significado y se usa como determinante de la raíz de la palabra; las derivaciones, conjugaciones y accidentes se expresan mediante el uso de kana (en especial de hiragana) con el nombre de okurigana. De esta forma conviven tanto el sistema de escritura autóctono (pero derivado de la misma escritura han) y el sistema importado.
Una pequeña curiosidad es que el japonés, al haber adquirido la escritura han (o china) hacia el siglo III, mantiene inalterados los símbolos que en China continental fueron reformados durante la Revolución Cultural de los años 60.[cita requerida]
Tabla de contenidos[ocultar] |
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Lectura [editar]
Un kanji puede tener diferentes pronunciaciones, o «lecturas», dependiendo del contexto, uso en combinación, y su localización en la oración. Algunos kanji comunes tienen diez o más posibles lecturas. Estas lecturas son categorizadas en las derivadas del chino, on'yomi (音読み?) o en la lectura nativa kun'yomi (訓読み?). Comúnmente se usan dos lecturas, una de kun'yomi y otra de on'yomi con sus alteraciones fonéticas accidentales.
La manera que se lee un kanji depende del contexto y de dos generalidades (en las cuales hay muchas excepciones):
- Una palabra de un solo kanji o seguida de okurigana, se lee como kun'yomi. Tal es el caso de los verbos, por ejemplo 'ver' (見る miru?), tiene un okurigana que le da lectura japonesa.
- Una combinación de kanji en una palabra da una lectura on'yomi. Es el caso del kanji del 'campo de arroz' (田 ta?) que cuando se usa en combinación con otro, se lee 'da', como en honda (本田?).
Los kanji oficiales [editar]
A principio del siglo XX tuvieron lugar debates sobre la eventualidad de reformas ortográficas, pero fueron bloqueadas por el poder en turno, y no fue sino después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial que dichas reformas pudieron llevarse a cabo.
En primer lugar hubo una reforma del uso de los caracteres silábicos (kana), cuya escritura era sólo fonética, conforme a la pronunciación actual del japonés (únicamente hubo dos pequeñas excepciones: dos partículas monosilábicas que eran elementos gramaticales japoneses). El resultado es que toda frase japonesa puede escribirse fonéticamente de acuerdo a reglas muy sencillas.
Una reforma de los kanji y de su uso también tuvo lugar. En 1946 se edita una lista de kanji de uso corriente, los llamados tōyō kanji (当用漢字?), que comprendía 1.850 caracteres. En 1948 se determina que 881 de ellos deben ser conocidos al salir de los seis primeros años escolares, al mismo tiempo, el número de lecturas de muchos de ellos se redujo.
En 1949 se simplifica la forma de varios kanji.
En 1951 la lista de los tōyō kanji aumenta en 92 kanji pudiendo ser utilizados para nombres propios.
Sin embargo el número de caracteres, 1942, es juzgado determinadamente inadecuado por un gran número de japoneses, así como muchas de las elecciones que fueron hechas, pues muchos caracteres de uso rarísimo se encontraban en la lista, en tanto que algunos de uso cotidiano como «almohada», o «año nuevo» no se encontraban. Entre 1973 y 1980 se hicieron varias adiciones, y finalmente en 1981, el Ministerio de la Educación publicó una nueva lista de kanji «usuales», los jōyō kanji (常用漢字?) que comprende un total de 1.945 kanji.
En abril de 1990 es publicada una lista de los jinmei kanji (人名漢字? «kanji para los nombres propios»), una lista de 284 caracteres suplementarios aceptados por el estado civil para los nombres y apellidos.[cita requerida]
Los primeros 1006 kanji que aprenden los japoneses a lo largo de los seis años de primaria y que son parte de la lista de los jōyō kanji, son los kyōiku kanji (教育漢字? «kanji para la educación»), y están divididos precisamente por el año de aprendizaje en la gakunenbetsu kanji haitōhyō (学年別漢字配当表? «lista de los kanji por niveles escolares»).
Fuera de la lista oficial de los kanji de uso común, existen muchos otros utilizados en campos especializados (medicina, ingeniería, filosofía...) o bien para los nombres y apellidos de las personas y lugares; un buen diccionario de kanji tiene en repertorio más de 4000. El estándar JISX0208 actualizado en 1990 define un conjunto de caracteres informáticos de 6879 caracteres de los cuales 6335 están repartidos en dos bloques. El primero incluye 2965 kanji, ordenados por el orden de aparición más frecuente; un segundo bloque incluye 3390 kanji ordenados por radical y por número de trazos. Ese mismo año salió el estandar JISX0212 que definía un conjunto de caracteres suplementarios para usar junto con el precedente y que comprende 6067 caracteres suplementarios, de los cuales 5081 son kanji.
Cabe mencionar que actualmente una computadora con un soporte de japonés instalado, tiene a disposición no menos de 11.436 kanji diferentes. Estos pueden ser convertidos automáticamente del hiragana, o buscarse ya sea por el número total de trazos que los componen, o bien por un radical más el número de trazos adicionales.
Aprendizaje [editar]
El conocimiento de un gran número de kanji, es por demás un símbolo cultural y de erudición; los profesores de literatura pueden conocer hasta siete mil kanji. En las publicaciones oficiales, los kanji no oficiales, deben ser acompañados de una guía de lectura que son pequeños caracteres, en hiragana o katakana ya sea en la parte superior en el caso de la escritura de tipo occidental y en el costado derecho en la escritura oriental. Esta práctica se conoce como furigana.
El estudio del kanji requiere de mucho esfuerzo, al igual que práctica constante, pues para cada kanji, hay que memorizar:
- Los trazos: en kanji el orden y la manera de realizar los trazos es importante, además de que es importante saber el número de trazos e identificar el radical del kanji, esto ayuda cuando se requiere utilizar un diccionario de caracteres chinos (漢和辞典 kanwa jiten?).
- Las lecturas o pronunciaciones: ya se ha mencionado que existen dos tipos de lectura on-yomi y kun-yomi, lo cual no implica que sólo se trate de dos lecturas, ya que pueden existir varias; hay incluso casos en los que existen más de 20 lecturas diferentes.
- El significado: este punto es muy importante, ya que cuando escribimos una palabra japonesa, el sentido de la misma implica el uso de un determinado kanji (o grupo de kanji) para expresar esa idea, por ejemplo para la sílaba sha existen varias opciones, entre ellas, 者, 社, y 車. Sin embargo sólo una de éstas es correcta en cada una las siguientes palabras: kaisha (empresa), jitensha (bicicleta) e isha (doctor)
Solo tras haber estudiado o bien buscar en el diccionario sabremos que la manera correcta de escribir estas tres palabras es
En efecto, aunque las tres palabras contienen la sílaba sha que fonéticamente es idéntica, en el momento de escribirlo y sabiendo el significado de la palabra es posible determinar el uso del kanji adecuado.
Ateji [editar]
Se denomina Ateji (当て字 o 宛字?) a la práctica de proveer de escritura con kanji a palabras que no tienen caracteres asociados, utilizando los ideogramas fonéticamente, sin ninguna relación semántica.
Existen varios vocablos del japonés que utilizan ateji, tales como takusan (沢山?) (significa "mucho" – los kanji significan pantano y montaña), baka (馬鹿?) (significado: "tonto" – kanji: caballo y ciervo) o tonikaku (兎に角?) ("de todos modos" – kanji: conejo y ángulo).
Es usado también para representar con kanji extranjerismos, en palabras tales como café (珈琲 kōhī?), club (倶楽部 kurabu?) catálogo (型録 katarogu?). Por otro lado, lo más usual es el uso del katakana para este tipo de palabras.
Por último, es común su uso para nombre de países que carecen de arraigo en la cultura japonesa como los ateji de Argentina (亜爾然丁 Aruzenchin?), Italia (伊太利亜 Itaria?) o España (西班牙 Supein?). También es una práctica común el uso del kanji inicial como abreviatura de países. Así es que, por ejemplo, en una lista de películas siendo proyectadas, probablemente se indique el país de origen de la película mediante el primer kanji del ateji: 独 para Alemania (独逸 Doitsu?), 仏 para Francia (仏蘭西 Furansu?), 英 para Inglaterra (英国 Eikoku?), etc.
Sin embargo es importante remarcar que, exceptuando textos formales, lo más usual es utilizar katakana para escribir nombres de países.
Uso de kanji en Occidente [editar]
Aparte de la escritura de idiomas del este asiático, los kanji tienen poco o nulo uso en lugares donde domina el alfabeto latino. Popularmente, y por la complejidad de sus trazos y lo críptico que pueden llegar a ser, se utilizan como ornamentos, los cuales incluso alcanzan la cultura del tatuaje. Con base en la estética de los caracteres, también han sido utilizados como proyectos de diseño en las escuelas de la materia.
Véase también [editar]
Enlaces externos [editar]
- Comunidad Hablajapones, en español.
- Gunkan
- Japanese 101, en inglés.
- Kanji Explorer, en inglés.
- Diccionario Rui, español-japonés y japonés-español.
- Japanese Kanji Dictionary
- Aprendiendo kanji, en español.
- Furigana.jp, Convierte sitios de Web o también texto en japonés a una de tres formas más simples de leer: furigana, kana o romaji
Katakana
El hiragana (平仮名?) es uno de los dos silabarios empleados en la escritura japonesa junto con el katakana. También se suele emplear hiragana para referirse a cualquiera de los caracteres de dicho silabario. Cuando se refiere al conjunto de silabarios hiragana y katakana se le conoce como Kana.
Estos caracteres, al contrario que los kanji, no tienen ningún valor conceptual, sino únicamente fonético.
El silabario hiragana consta de 46 caracteres que representan sílabas formadas por una consonante y una vocal, o bien una única vocal. La única consonante que puede ir sola es la 'n'.
Este silabario se emplea en la escritura de palabras japonesas, partículas y desinencias verbales; en contraste con el katakana que se emplea para palabras extranjeras y onomatopeyas. Por ello, el hiragana es el primer silabario que aprenden los niños nipones. A medida que aprenden los kanji, los estudiantes van reemplazando los caracteres silábicos en favor de los caracteres chinos.
Tabla de contenidos[ocultar] |
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Caracteres hiragana básicos [editar]
| A | I | U | E | O | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| あ (a) | い (i) | う (u) | え (e) | お (o) | |
| K | か (ka) | き (ki) | く (ku) | け (ke) | こ (ko |
| S | さ (sa) | し (shi) | す (su) | せ (se) | そ (so) |
| T | た (ta) | ち (chi) | つ (tsu) | て (te) | と (to) |
| N | な (na) | に (ni) | ぬ (nu) | ね (ne) | の (no) |
| H | は (ha) | ひ (hi) | ふ (fu) | へ (he) | ほ (ho) |
| M | ま (ma) | み (mi) | む (mu) | め (me) | も (mo) |
| Y | や (ya) | ゆ (yu) | よ (yo) | ||
| R | ら (ra) | り (ri) | る (ru) | れ (re) | ろ (ro) |
| W | わ (wa) | ゐ (wi) | ゑ (we) | を (wo / o) | |
| N | ん (n) |
En rojo los caracteres obsoletos.
Nota sobre la pronunciación. Todas las letras se pronuncian más o menos como en español salvo:
- u: no está redondeada
- h: se pronuncia como en inglés (es decir, suena como la 'j' pero más suave)
- r: es siempre suave, como la 'r' de 'cara', pero NUNCA como la 'rr' de 'torre', ni siquiera al inicio de la palabra. A final de palabra suena como L(si es penúltima antes de u final, como ésta es muda también se pronuncia como L; a final de palabra ru suena L)
- w: se pronuncia como la 'u' de 'chihuahua'
- j: suena como la j inglesa de jacket o la ll dental
- y: suena como un diptongo ia, iu, io
- fu: suena entre fu y hu, con la h inglesa
- wo: se pronuncia simplemente como 'o'
- z: se pronuncia como la z francesa
- u: al final de palabra no se pronuncia
Formación de nuevos sonidos mediante nigori [editar]
Existe un acento diacrítico en japonés llamado nigori, y sirve para formar consonantes sonoras o impuras (caso de la G, Z, D y B) o la medio impura P.
En el primer caso, el de las consonantes sonoras, se emplea el dakuten ( ゛) (濁点), que se representa con dos trazos diagonales cortos en la parte superior derecha del carácter. También se le suele llamar den den.
Para formar el sonido P, se emplea el handakuten (半濁点) ( ゜), que tiene forma de círculo y se escribe también en la parte superior derecha del carácter. Se le conoce también como maru.
| A | I | U | E | O | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | が (ga) | ぎ (gi) | ぐ (gu) | げ (ge) | ご (go) |
| Z | ざ (za) | じ (ji) | ず (zu) | ぜ (ze) | ぞ (zo) |
| D | だ (da) | ぢ (ji) | づ (zu) | で (de) | ど (do) |
| B | ば (ba) | び (bi) | ぶ (bu) | べ (be) | ぼ (bo) |
| P | ぱ (pa) | ぴ (pi) | ぷ (pu) | ぺ (pe) | ぽ (po) |
[Más sobre pronunciación: 'z' y 'j' son como en inglés. 'ge' y 'gi' se pronuncian 'gue', 'gui'.]
Diptongos [editar]
Por otra parte, cuando una sílaba se une con ya, yu, yo, se pueden formar diptongos. En este caso el segundo kana (ya, yu o yo) se escribirá más pequeño de lo habitual.
| YA | YU | YO | |
|---|---|---|---|
| K | きゃ (kya) | きゅ (kyu) | きょ (kyo) |
| S | しゃ (sha) | しゅ (shu) | しょ (sho) |
| T | ちゃ (cha) | ちゅ (chu) | ちょ (cho) |
| N | にゃ (nya) | にゅ (nyu) | にょ (nyo) |
| H | ひゃ (hya) | ひゅ (hyu) | ひょ (hyo) |
| M | みゃ (mya) | みゅ (myu) | みょ (myo) |
| R | りゃ (rya) | りゅ (ryu) | りょ (ryo) |
| G | ぎゃ (gya) | ぎゅ (gyu) | ぎょ (gyo) |
| J | じゃ (ja) | じゅ (ju) | じょ (jo) |
| B | びゃ (bya) | びゅ (byu) | びょ (byo) |
| P | ぴゃ (pya) | ぴゅ (pyu) | ぴょ (pyo) |
[La pronunciación de esta y es la de una i consonántica (como la i de novio [bjo]). Otro ejemplo es la 'u' en algunas palabras inglesas en que suena como yu: huge (hyu)]
Consonantes dobles o geminadas [editar]
Las consonantes dobles se forman escribiendo un 'tsu' pequeño (っ) delante de la consonante en cuestión. Sólo se doblan las consonantes k, s, t, p.
Ejemplos: よっか (yokka, día 4 de mes), ざっし (zasshi, revista), だった (datta, pasado del verbo ser), にっぽん (nihon, Japón). La pronunciación es: yok-ka, zas-shi, dat-ta, nip-pon, es decir, la consonante suena dos veces.
En cuanto a las consonantes nasales ('m', 'n'), se doblan escribiendo ん delante. Ejemplos: おんな (on'na, mujer), うんめい (unmei, destino).
Al igual que en español, la 'n' ん se pronuncia 'm' delante de 'p' o 'b'. Ejemplos: せんぱい (senpai, fórmula de respeto a los que tienen un grado de estudio mayor), こんばん (konban, esta noche).
Vocales largas [editar]
Finalmente, existen vocales largas, que se forman de la siguiente manera:
- (Sílaba en -a) + a: おかあさん (okaasan = madre)
- (Sílaba en -i) + i: おにいさん (oniisan = hermano mayor)
- (Sílaba en -u) + u: じゅう (juu = diez)
- (Sílaba en -e) + e: おねえさん (oneesan = hermana mayor)
- (Sílaba en -e) + i: せんせい (sensei = profesor, maestro)
- (Sílaba en -o) + o: おおきい (ookii = grande)
- (Sílaba en -o) + u: おうじ (ooji = príncipe)